Software testing

8. Risks and contingencies

8.1 What is risk
“Risk are future uncertain events with a probability of occurrence and a potential for loss”.Risk identification and management are the main concerns in every software project. Effective analysis of software risks will help to effective planning and assignments of work.

8.2 Types of risks
 Risks are identified, classified and managed before actual execution of program. These risks are
classified in different categories.
Schedule Risk, Budget Risk,Categories of risks, Operational Risks, Technical risks, Programmatic Risks.

8.2.1 Schedule Risk
Project schedule get slip when project tasks and schedule release risks are not addressed properly.
Schedule risks mainly affect on project and finally on company economy and may lead to project failure.

Schedules often slip due to following reasons:
 Wrong time estimation
 Resources are not tracked properly. All resources like staff, systems, skills of individuals etc.
 Failure to identify complex functionalities and time required to develop those functionalities.

8.2.2 Budget Risk:
 Wrong budget estimation.
 Cost overruns
 Project scope expansion
8.2.3 Operational Risks
Risks of loss due to improper process implementation, failed system or some external events risks.

Causes of Operational risks:
 Failure to address priority conflicts
 Failure to resolve the responsibilities
 Insufficient resources
 No proper subject training
 No resource planning
 No communication in team.

8.2.4 Technical risks
Technical risks generally leads to failure of functionality and performance.

Causes of technical risks are:
 Continuous changing requirements
 No advanced technology available or the existing technology is in initial stages.
 Product is complex to implement.
 Difficult project modules integration.

8.2.5 External Risks
These are the external risks beyond the operational limits. These are all uncertain risks are outside the control of the program.

These external events can be:
 Running out of fund.
 Market development
 Changing customer product strategy and priority
 Government rule changes.